In soybean, eleven malesterile, femalefertile mutant lines ms1, ms2, ms3, ms4, ms5, ms6, ms7, ms8, ms9, msmos. Inheritance of male sterility in japanese apricot prunus. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying stress and male sterility. Male sterility is a valuable trait for plant breeding and hybrid seed production. Noncoding rnas emerge as players in plant male sterility. Incompatibility and male sterility and their utilization in crop improvement selfincompatibility selfincompatibility and sterility are the two mechanisms, which encourage crosspollination. Identification of s23 causing both interspecific hybrid.
Applications of genie male sterility in plant breeding. Selfincompatibility and male sterility in six matricaria recutita varieties b. Sometimes a flower is inhibited from male function by excessive heat or genetic male sterility. Whereas genic male sterility exhibits mendelian inheritance. Mechanisms of genic male sterility iowa state university. Baucom, rodney mauricio, and shumei chang abstract. Hybrid seed production in rice relies on cytoplasmic male sterility cms induced by specific mitochondrial proteins, whose deleterious effects are suppressed by nuclear restorer of fertility rf. What does the molecular genetics of different types of. Male sterility in higher plants monographs on theoretical and. Understanding the mitochondrial genome is often the first and key step in unraveling the molecular and genetic basis of cms in plants.
The knowledge gained from studies on eukaryotic genome organization is important. Male sterile plants reduce the labor required to make hybrids, but they can cause problems for seed savers because the plants are male sterile in all succeeding generations. Male sterility is categorized into genic, cytoplasmic or geneticcytoplasmic types. Pool of 10 flower buds of 5 mm size from three randomly selected plants each from male sterile and male fertile plants as. Female sterility and carpel development in plants welcome to the ideals repository. The mitochondrial genomes of higher plants vary remarkably in size, structure and sequence content, as demonstrated by the accumulation and activity of repetitive dna sequences.
Pollen development is a crucial process in flowering plants that directly determines the male fertility mccormick 2004. The recessive genetic male sterility rgms system plays a key role in the production of hybrid varieties in selfpollinating b. Cytoplasmic male sterility is total or partial male sterility in plants as the result of specific nuclear and mitochondrial interactions. Cytoplasmic male sterility is a condition where the plant is unable to produce functional pollen and would rely on other pollen source to produce seeds. Oct 26, 2018 the mitochondrial genomes of higher plants vary remarkably in size, structure and sequence content, as demonstrated by the accumulation and activity of repetitive dna sequences. Nuclear male sterility nms genic, genetic, mendelian male sterility is governed solely by one or more. Cytoplasmic male sterility is not influenced by environmental. Effects of temperature on male sterility of two inbred. The radish rfo restorer gene of ogura cytoplasmic male. There are two types of hybrid systems to develop hybrid rice.
Comparative transcript profiling of alloplasmic malesterile. To further map and clone rf4, we crossed an elite cmswa line zhenshan 97a zs97a, with recessive rf3 and rf4 and an elite restorer line minghui 63 mh63, with rf3 and rf4. Mutation in a phdfinger protein ms4 causes male sterility. Cytoplasmic male sterility is caused by a mitochondrial male sterility gene and is inherited from the seed parent.
The invention further relates to seeds and plants produced by crossing catharanthus plants comprising a male sterility allele. The occurrence of plants that lost their ability to produce viable pollen grains is frequent in hermaphroditic angiosperm species. It maintains a builtin outbreeding system but is not an isolating mechanism, as male steriles, the selfemasculated plants, outcross with their male fertile sibs normally. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a widespread, maternally inherited trait of plants that results from the expression of novel, often chimeric genes located in the mitochondrial genome schnable and wise, 1998. Andrew knight philosophical transactions, 1799 sterility implicating the male sex. The work is supported by the beijing postdoctoral research foundation 2014zz68. The introduction of hybriforce400 by dairyland seed company utilizes a male sterility system of hybridization called mssunstratm. However, the complete molecular mechanism of the male sterility during malegametogenesis in rgms remains to be determined. The use of pgms in hybrid rice seed production started after the discovery of nongken58s.
Cms is a maternally inherited trait, and is often associated with the unusual orfs found in mitochondrial genomes hanson and. More than 300 species belonging to 20 families of angiosperms show selfincompatibility. Provincial higher education institutions, and 4college of life sciences. Male sterility in plants authorstream presentation. In plants, crossing is done by placing pollen grains from one genotype i. Cytoplasmic male sterility summary modern commercial seeds are commonly grown using plants with cytoplasmic male sterility cms. Aug 14, 2019 this result confirms the importance of galactolipids in tissues other than photosynthetic membranes of higher plants. Cytoplasmic male sterility and mitochondrial metabolism in plants. In this study, a set of rice alloplasmic sporophytic cms lines was obtained by successive backcrossing of meixiang b, with three different cytoplasmic types. Team studies how selfish genes cause male sterility in. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a common phenomenon in higher plants and is charac terized by maternal inheritance, pollen sterility and normal pistil development 1. Help with pdf files supplemental figures, tables, and appendices. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is an ideal model for investigating the mitochondrialnuclear interaction and downregulated genes in cms lines which might be the candidate genes for pollen development in rice. In some cases, cms has been associated with increased disease susceptibility.
Cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration. Restorer loci are specific for each sterility type, although there are weak indications that there may be a locus in common for the two sterility types van damme 1983. Havey 2004 documents the worldwide use of cms to produce competitive. F ertilityrestoration could he achieved by the introduction of a ribonucleast. Pdf most of higher plant species are hermaphroditic and malesterility is often considered as an accident of development. The predominance of species exhibiting genic male sterility and of species crosses exhibiting genecytoplasmic male sterility is due to the fact that for the male sterility expression in the former, mutation of nuclear genes is required, but in the latter, mutations of both nuclear and cytoplasmic genes are necessary. Female sterility and carpel development in plants ideals. Mar 25, 2020 male sterility is a medical condition characterized by an inability to fertilize an ovum. Plant cms is mediated by nuclearmitochondrial interactions in which the sterility results from the expression of mitochondrial genes and can be restored by nuclear restoring. Cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration plant cell.
The male sterility conferred by loss of function of osdgd2. Everything you need to know about selfincompatibility and male sterility in plants. Glyphosate induces transient male sterility in ipomoea. The comparison of four mitochondrial genomes reveals. Pollination biology pedicel sepal petal nectary receptacal ovule anther filament stamen. The comparison of four mitochondrial genomes reveals cytoplasmic male sterility candidate genes in cotton article pdf available in bmc genomics 191 december 2018 with 159 reads. Male sterility is the failure of plants to produce functional anthers, pollen, or male gametes. Mitochondrial genome cytoplasmic male sterility pollen abortion plant mitochondrial genome chimaeric gene. Hybrids produced higher grain yield than inbreds at both plant populations. Dwarfism, selfincompatibility, and female sterility in. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is not only important for exploiting heterosis in crop plants, but also as a model for investigating nuclearcytoplasmic interaction.
Male sterility in plants going to seed with dan brisebois. Male sterility in plants implies an inability to produce or to release functional pollen, and is the result of failure of formation or development of functional stamens, microspores or gametes. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms, a condition under which a plant is unable to produce functional pollen, is widespread among higher plants. Apr 02, 2010 this type of male sterility will shoot you in the foot if you are trying to breed an open pollinated population since there will be no gene flow from the cms plants to any of the other plants. Possible mechanisms for the induction of male sterility by copper deficiency are proposed, and its potential for use in plant breeding is discussed. Ms1 provides a valuable tool for the manipulation of male sterility in higher plants. Male sterility and its typesplant breeding for any. Mitochondriallytargeted expression of a cytoplasmic male.
When the fl plants were crossed with the same normal variety, all the nextgeneration plants also showed male sterility. Download pdf nuclear control of plastid and mitochondrial development in higher plants. Shifts in the duration and intensity of ambient temperature impair plant development and reproduction, particularly male gametogenesis. Plant cms is mediated by nuclearmitochondrial interactions in which the sterility results from the expression of mitochondrial genes and can be restored by nuclear restoring fertility rf genes 24. The inability of a plant with functional pollen to set seeds when self pollinated is called self incompatibility. Transcriptome and hormone comparison of three cytoplasmic. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms occurs widely in higher plants, and results in failure to produce functional pollen grains or stamens.
Wheat ms2 encodes for an orphan protein that confers male. Aug 10, 2005 in some plants, the nuclear genome overrides cytoplasmic male sterility to restore male function, but this process often works inefficiently and has deleterious effects on plant growth because it. Plant mitochondria genome organization cytoplasmic male sterility mitochondrial dna. In flowering plants, the first case of male sterility was reported by koelreuter in 1763. Male sterility has been associated with increases in seed production and vigor as the consequences of outcrossing charlesworth, 2002. In plants, meiosis precedes gamete formation and establishes the initial. Male sterile anthers were induced in specific branches via tm daubstembased technology. In effect, selected male sterile female alfalfa plants are grown together with other male fertile plants and allowed to cross. Comparative transcript profiling of alloplasmic male. Incompatibility between mitochondrial genome and nuclear genome leads to nonfunctional male reproductive organs and results in cytoplasmic male sterility cms. Male sterility in cotton male sterility in cotton 1. Both positive and negative correlations have been found between cmsassociated orfs and the occurrence of cms when cmsassociated orfs were expressed and. The plant genome original research identification of the.
Male sterility is defined as the failure of plants to produce functional anthers, pollen or male gametes. The discovery of male sterility traits in plants has enabled breeders to produce hybrid seeds much more efficiently in a wide range of crops kim and zhang, 2018. The rice restorer rf4 for wildabortive cytoplasmic male. Each male sterility type is expressed in plants with a specific cytoplasmic type and with sterility alleles at a number of restorer loci. Later on, numerous of male sterility were reported in angiosperms. The failure of pollen formation results in male sterile plants. In around 40% of couples struggling with infertility, male sterility is the issue. Cytoplasmic male sterility in higher plants springerlink. Incompatibility and male sterility and their utilization.
Pdf the comparison of four mitochondrial genomes reveals. As this is usually due to factors coded by the mitochondrial genome, this phenomenon is called cytoplasmic male sterility cms. A detrimental mitochondrialnuclear interaction causes. Currently, rnaseq has been used in higher plants with cms systems in many species. Jan, 2018 this is the video of male sterility fully explained with types and other important points. Usually the cytoplasm of zygote comes primarily from the eggs cell and due to this progeny of such male sterile plants would always be male sterile.
Male sterility ms, both naturally occurring and artificially induced, may also be used to prevent selfpollination in plants. To assess potentially male sterile plants on the one hand 1105 plants deriving from the above mentioned. Genetic analysis and fine mapping of a spontaneously. Dec 22, 2015 cytoplasmic male sterility may be utilized for producing hybrid seed in certain ornamental species, or in species where a vegetative part is of economic value. The similarity of physiological and molecular events in expression of gainduced male sterility and cytoplasmic male sterility are discussed on the basis of our results. Male sterility has tremendous scientific and economic importance in hybrid seed production. In the process of hybrid seed production, ogura cytoplasmic male sterility ogucms, controlled by the mitochondrial gene orf8, has been extensively used for cabbage hybrid production with complete and stable male sterility. Apr 08, 2014 cytoplasmic male sterility cms sterile cytoplasm s male sterility comes about as a result of the combined action of nuclear genes and genic or structural changes in the cytoplasmic organellar genome. Features of male sterility male sterility is an important outbreeding device which prevents autogamy self pollination and permits allogamy cross pollination. Introduction male sterility refers to a condition in which nonfunctional pollen grains are produced in flowering plants. Glyphosate induces transient male sterility in ipomoea purpurea regina s.
The invention provides catharanthus plants comprising a male sterility allele and methods for producing a plant produced by crossing such plants with themselves or with another plant, such as a plant of another genotype. Comparative analysis of mitochondrial genomes between the hau. Comparative transcriptome analysis of recessive male. Developing diseaseresistant thermosensitive male sterile rice by multiplex gene editing fa sanfeng li, lan shen, ping hu, qing liu, xudong zhu, qian qian, kejian wang and yuexing wang state key laboratory of rice biology, china national rice research institute, the chinese academy of agricultural sciences, hangzhou 36.
Mar 19, 2019 although failure to pollinate male sterility can prevent seed set in selfpollinated plant species, male sterility is highly beneficial in hybrid breeding. Fine mapping in a total of 1,590 f2 plants narrowed the male sterility gene brms to a 400 kb region, with two snp markers only 0. Although failure to pollinate male sterility can prevent seed set in selfpollinated plant species, male sterility is highly beneficial in hybrid breeding. Individual seedlings of the morning glory, ipomoea purpurea l. Identification and candidate genes analysis of s23 in this study provides a valuable example to study the crosstalk between interspecific f1 hybrid male sterility and environmentconditioned male sterility in rice, facilitates reserving and utilizing favorable genes or alleles of wild oryza species, and allows for a more efficient exploitation. Naturally occurring cms has been reported for maize zea mays. In many cases, specific dominant nuclear genes termed restorers of fertility rf have been identified that can suppress the male sterile phenotype and.
Pdf male sterility and fertility restoration in crops. Such cytoplasmic for its mode of inheritance male sterility, or cms, is a very widespread trait in higher plants. C when a wild species resistant to a disease, closely related to maize, was crossed with a maize variety sensitive to this disease, all fl plants were sensitive to this disease. Cms systems represent a valuable tool in the production of hybrid seed in selfpollinating crop species, including maize, rice, cotton, and a number of. The dominant malesterile gene ms2 in common wheat has facilitated the release of hundreds of breeding lines and. Mechanisms of genic male sterility abstract for normal sexual reproductive development, coordination must occur between both male and female organ ontogeny. Genetic male sterility is controlled either exclusively by nuclear genes ms or by the complementary action of nuclear lr and cytoplasmic c genes. Stress exposure causes meiotic defects or premature spore abortion in male reproductive organs, leading to male sterility.
This article is from journal of experimental botany, volume 63. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a maternally inherited trait in higher plants that leads to the inability to produce or release functional pollen for sexual reproduction. Understanding the mitochondrial genome is often the first and key step in unraveling the. Apr 30, 2014 cytoplasmic male sterility cms is not only important for exploiting heterosis in crop plants, but also as a model for investigating nuclearcytoplasmic interaction. Cms is a common phenomenon in higher plants and is characterized by maternal inheritance, pollen sterility and normal pistil development 1. Selfincompatibility and male sterility in six matricaria. The pollen sterility which is controlled by cytoplasmic genes is known as cytoplasmic male sterility cms. The novel chimeric open reading frame orf resulting from the rearrangement of a mitochondrial genome is generally thought to be a causal factor in the occurrence of cytoplasmic male sterility cms. This result confirms the importance of galactolipids in tissues other than photosynthetic membranes of higher plants.
While male sterility occurs by numerous distinct mechanisms in plants, the phenotype is presumably adaptive within a plant population under certain conditions. Male sterility in wheat plants deficient in copper nature. Evaluation of photoperiod and thermosensitive genic male. Us patent for male sterility in catharanthus patent patent. The male sterility locus has been mapped to chromosome a07 in bc1 and f2 populations through genotyping by sequencing. Engineering cytoplasmic male sterility via the chloroplast genome. Cytoplasmic male sterility horticulture and forestry.
Identification and characterization of a stable male sterility gene will be highly beneficial for making hybrid seed production economically feasible. Classification of sterility can be divided into heritable and nonheritable sterility. Identification of genes potentially associated with the. Female sterility in plants sterile plants lack functional male andor female gametes.
Male sterility in higher plants monographs on theoretical and applied genetics, vol. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a common phenomenon in higher plants and is characterized by maternal inheritance, pollen sterility and normal pistil development. Agronomic performance of malesterile and fertile maize genotypes. Male sterile plants produce no functional pollen, but do produce viable eggs. Cms systems represent a valuable tool in the production of hybrid seed in selfpollinating crop species, including maize, rice, cotton, and a number of vegetable crops.
Cms may be caused by mutations, rearrangement or recombination in the mitochondrial genome. Plant death is the most common effect resulting from the application of glyphosate, the active ingredient in the herbicide roundup1. The plant genome original research association of nad7a. All transgenic plants were grown under similar conditions and treated with methods similar to their respective wildtype plants. There are a number of reasons for men to be infertile, and several treatment approaches can be used to address sterility in men. Cytoplasmic male sterility is used in agriculture to facilitate the production of hybrid seed. Male sterility in higher plants, springerv erlag, berlin, 1988. The former is termed genic and the latter genecytoplasmic male sterility. Genic male sterility is caused by a nuclear gene alone. Relation between cytoplasmic male sterility and mitochondrial enzyme activities in maize by masatake ohmasa department of physiology and genetics, nationallnstitute of agricultural sciences yatabe, lbaraki, 305 japan in maize, cytoplasmic male sterility ems was widely used in breeding and seed production.
This greatly facilitates large scale hybrid seed production, bypassing hand pollination. Abstract cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a widespread phenomenon in higher plants, and several studies have established that this maternally inherited defect is often associated with a mitochondrial mutant. Male sterility in maize after transient heat stress during. Inheritance of male sterility in japanese apricot prunus mume h. A male sterilityassociated cytotoxic protein orf288 in. Cytoplasmic male sterility has been utilized in some important crops, such as sunflower, rice chap. Yamaguchi department of breeding, national institute of fruit tree science, ibaraki 3058605, japan additional index words. Hybrid seed is produced from a cross between two genetically different lines. Applications of genie male sterility in plant breeding rao. Male sterility definition of male sterility by medical. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms has been exploited in the commercial pigeonpea cajanus cajan l.
Introduction the pollen grain is the discrete and mobile stage of the male gametophyte of higher plants. Integrated analysis of transcriptome and proteome changes. Male sterility in plants genetics biology discussion. The mating or crossing of two plants or lines of dissimilar genotype is known as hybridization. Comparative profile analysis reveals differentially. Often, the trait is masked by the presence of nuclear genes termed restorers of fertility, or rf genes that suppress the male sterility by reducing expression of the cmsassociated orf. Us patent for male sterility in catharanthus patent.
Male sterility in plants can be defined as failure of pollen grain development or function. We used 2000 malesterile individuals, 1200 from the f 2 population and 800 from an f 5 population of this cross segregating for rf4 and rf4, and an additional 4000 random plants. Cytoplasmic male sterility an introduction to genetic. In plants, male sterility can be caused either by mitochondrial genes with coupled nuclear genes or by nuclear genes alone. An abnormality at any point in this process may lead to sterility.
Cultivar differences of pollen quantity, rate of stained pollen and rate of germinated pollen in japanese apricot prunus mumesieb. Both genes nuclear and cytoplasmic and environment, individually as well as conjointly, induce male sterility, the former being genetic and the latter nongenetic. In some crop plants male sterile mutants occur in which inheritance of male sterility follows one of the following two patterns. Male sterility in plants results when production of male gametes is inhibited or prevented such that pollen is not produced, although female reproduction remains functional.
Cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration ncbi. Oct 11, 2016 team studies how selfish genes cause male sterility in flowering plants by kent state university yellow monkeyflowers mimulus guttatus at the base of cone peak in the oregon cascades. This is a cms plant for which exist genes that can be introduced from another plant which will restore male sterility. But in those crop plants where seed is the economic part, it is of no use because the hybrid progeny would be male sterile.
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